Moses Njoroge Karanja is a PhD Candidate at the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto and a research affiliate with the Citizen Lab, an interdisciplinary laboratory based at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy. His research interest is on the relationship between technological change and international order evolution. Karanja’s doctoral dissertation examines why the adoption of surveillance technologies has differentiated effects on power distribution in society, through a focus on how Kenya and Ethiopia’s adoption of digital biometric technologies has seen some actors gain authority while others lose it in the identification domain. Karanja studied political science for a B.A and M.A at the University of Nairobi, and worked at Strathmore University as a researcher with extensive Internet fieldwork in Eastern Africa before his PhD work. His research has been supported by Gandhi Smarak Nidhi Graduate Scholarship (2012), Open Technology Fund Information Controls Fellowship (2015), IDRC Fellowship (2017), the University of Toronto International Student Fellowship (2017), and the African Studies Centre Senior Doctoral Fellowship (2024).