2012 Google Policy Fellow Kieran Bergmann wrote an article titled Outsourcing Censorship for the Canadian International Council on how governments in Asia are increasing their efforts to control online content. An increasingly popular technique is to outsource content control to intermediaries such as Internet service providers (ISPs), web hosting companies, blog and video hosting sites, social networks, webmasters, and any other online service provider, by handing out punishment, often disproportionately severe, when they fail to censor content. Bergmann looked at Internet censorship regimes in China, Thailand, India, Vietnam and Malaysia.